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Evidence321 BCE ±5

Chandragupta takes Magadha

Pataliputra (Patna), Bihar

Sarnath capital
Sarnath capital. Chrisi1964, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Chandragupta Maurya overthrows the Nanda king and rules from Pataliputra; later tradition credits his minister Chanakya with the plan.

The date is conventional. Greek writers, who call him Sandrokottos, put his rise in the years after Alexander; Buddhist and Jain texts agree on the generation, not the year, and whether he took Magadha or the Punjab first is still argued. Chanakya, the scheming minister of the play Mudrarakshasa, comes from Indian sources written centuries later, not from the Greeks.

Megasthenes, Seleucus's envoy to the Mauryan court, describes Pataliputra as a timber-walled city where the Son met the Ganges. It stayed the capital for the whole dynasty.

  • political

Sources

  1. Thapar, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas (1961)
  2. Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 15.4 · Sandracottus takes power in India after Alexander
  3. Megasthenes, Indica (fragments in Arrian and Strabo) · Palimbothra at the meeting of the Ganges and the Erannoboas (Son)