Pahalgam and Operation Sindoor

The dead at Baisaran were 25 Indians, among them a local pony-ride operator, and one Nepali citizen. India blamed Pakistan-based militants of the Lashkar-e-Taiba; Pakistan denied any part in the attack and called for a neutral investigation. On 23 April India held the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 in abeyance. In the early hours of 7 May it struck what it described as nine terrorist camps, in Bahawalpur, Muridke, Muzaffarabad, Kotli, Bhimber and Sialkot. Pakistan answered with drones and missiles, India hit Pakistani air bases, and on 10 May the two directors general of military operations agreed to stop all firing and military action on land, in the air and at sea.

The Line of Control did not move. What the strikes destroyed and how many aircraft each side lost are disputed: Pakistan said it shot down six Indian jets, India's Chief of Defence Staff acknowledged unspecified losses, and India's air chief later said five Pakistani fighters and one larger aircraft were downed. US President Donald Trump said Washington mediated the halt and Pakistan thanked it; India says the two militaries agreed it directly. The treaty's suspension concerns rivers on this map: the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab, allotted largely to Pakistan in 1960, all cross Indian-administered territory before they reach Pakistan.